甲醛对原癌基因c-myc、MDM2及抑癌基因p53的影响

为研究吸入性甲醛的毒性能否进入动物骨髓组织,引起骨髓组织基因表达发生改变,选择小鼠某些原癌基因和抑癌基因为研究对象,以SPF级balb/c雄性小鼠为材料,采用动态吸入方式染毒2周(5+2模式),染毒浓度分别为0, 0.5, 3.0mg/m3,用半定量RT-PCR方法检测不同浓度甲醛对小鼠染毒后骨髓组织细胞中c-myc、MDM2和p53基因表达的变化.结果表明,在不同浓度的甲醛暴露条件下,与空白对照组相比,小鼠骨髓组织中的c-myc基因,MDM2基因和p53基因表达均发生改变,在3.0mg/m3浓度组与空白对照组存在显著差异(P<0.05), c-myc基因,MDM2基因呈现表达上调,p53基因则呈现表达下调.吸入性甲醛的毒性能进入动物骨髓组织,并能引起骨髓组织基因表达发生改变.     

环境雌激素o,p′-DDT和抗雌激素氟维司群对斑马鱼胚胎的复合效应

为探究雌激素与抗雌激素的复合效应,将斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的胚胎暴露于o,p′-DDT和氟维司群2种典型的环境内分泌干扰物中,考察胚胎孵化率、孵化时间和总畸形率,并用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测Vtg1、Vtg2和ERα等雌激素效应相关基因的mRNA转录水平.结果显示,与单一化合物的暴露相比,o,p′-DDT和...     

Effects of p,p′-DDE exposure on gonadal development and gene expression in Japanese medaka （Oryzias latipes）

Although 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis（p-chlorophenyl）-ethylene （p,p′-DDE）, the major and most persistent metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane （DDT）, was continually detected in wild fishes that showed abnormal gonad development such as intersex, little is known about the impact of p,p′-DDE exposure on gonad development in fishes. To survey the effects of p,p′-DDE on gonadal development and gene expressions, male juvenile （20-d post hatch） Japanese medaka （Oryzias latipes） was exposed to 1, 5, 20, and 100 μg/L p,p′-DDE for two months. Increased hepatosomatic index （HSI） and decreased gonadosomatic index （GSI） were found in the p,p′-DDE-treated groups. Intersex was found in 100 μg/L p,p′-DDE exposure group, as well as 100 ng/L 17α-ethynylestradiol （EE2） group. By quantitative real-time RT-PCR, it was found that gene expressions of vitellogenins （VTG-1, VTG-2）, choriogenins （CHG-H, CHG-L）, and estrogen receptor α （ER-α） in the liver of the fish were significantly up-regulated by p,p′-DDE exposure. VTG-1 and VTG- 2 were recommended as the preferred biomarker for assessing anti-androgenic p,p′-DDE because they were the highest up-regulated among the genes and showed good dose-response relationship. The up-regulated ER-α suggested that a potential synergetic effect would occur when p,p′-DDE coexists with other ER-α-binding endocrine-disrupting chemicals （EDCs）.     

南水北调东线山东境内调蓄湖库蓝藻种群分布特征及环境驱动因子

为掌握南水北调东线山东境内调蓄湖库在工程运行前后蓝藻种群的分布情况及其环境驱动因子,于2010～2019年的5～11月对南四湖、东平湖、大屯水库、东湖水库和双王城水库进行藻类和水环境调查.共检出浮游蓝藻44种,其中丝状蓝藻23种.湖泊假鱼腥藻、拉氏拟柱孢藻、铜绿微囊藻和惠氏微囊藻在各调蓄湖库的检出频次和密度均较高,是主要有害蓝藻种.通过分析各调蓄湖库蓝藻种群的分布特征,发现丝状蓝藻在水力扰动较大水体中的生长优势较为明显,应成为日后调蓄湖库蓝藻风险防控的重点.Pearson相关性分析和广义线性拟合曲线结果显示,总氮、总磷、水温和水深是影响调蓄湖库主要有害蓝藻种生长的主要环境驱动因子.氮磷营养盐对于有害蓝藻种的生长具有显著的促进作用.湖泊假鱼腥藻具有良好的温度适应性,在夏初秋末仍能成为优势种,而当水温大于25℃时,拉氏拟柱孢藻、铜绿微囊藻和惠氏微囊藻具明显的生长优势.此外,较小的水深更利于拉氏拟柱孢藻的生长.建议在加强控制湖库氮磷营养盐输入的基础上,在夏初和秋末对湖泊假鱼腥藻进行重点监控,并在高温时期密切关注浅水区拉氏拟柱孢藻的生长情况,保障水质安全.     

PTA废液回收利用技术

介绍了从精对苯二甲酸（PTA）废液中回收醋酸,邻、对苯二甲酸,醋酸钴锰盐的回收工艺。醋酸得率为90％,邻、对苯二甲酸得率为70％,醋酸钴锰盐得率为95％。该技术成熟、合理,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

微囊藻毒素LR对BRL-3A凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

用蛋白印迹法研究了微囊藻毒素LR(MCLR)暴露时大鼠BRL-3A细胞p53、Bcl-2和Bax的表达情况.结果表明,与对照组相比,各实验组p53和Bax表达均明显升高.除了10nmol/L LR暴露1h实验组外,其它实验组Bcl-2表达均下降.在低浓度组(10nmol/L),随暴露时间的延长,p53和Bax表达逐渐升高,Bcl-2表达逐渐下降,而在中浓度(100nmol/L)和高浓度组(1000nmol/L),蛋白表达与暴露时间的一致性没有低浓度组(10nmol/L)明显.表明p53、Bcl-2和Bax在MCLR诱导的细胞凋亡中可能起重要作用.     

Biodegradability and compostability of polymers—test methods and criteria for evaluation

The treatment of solid waste in controlled composting facilities is an important possibility for reducing garbage. Natural and synthetic polymeric materials can be used for many purposes, for example, as packaging materials, where compostability is required. A prerequisite for official regulations and the decision as to which materials may be composted is investigations on their biodegradability and the quality of the compost produced. Several standardization groups at the ISO, CEN, and DIN are developing definitions, test methods, and classification systems for differentiating compostable from noncompostable materials. The concept which will be standardized and used in Germany is described in detail. It includes characterization of the test material, determination of the biodegradability using laboratory tests such as simple aquatic batch tests and a controlled aerobic composting test, investigation of the disintegration of the test material in industrial or bench-scale composting facilities, and finally, chemical and ecotoxicological analysis of the compost produced.     

Chemical behavior of organic compounds in the interface of water/dual-cation organobentonite

The sorption behavior of polar of ionizable organic compounds,such as p-nitrophenol,phenol and aniline,in the water/organobentonite systems is investigated.Both adsorption and partition occur to the sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonites.The separate contributions of adsorption and partition to the total sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonites are analyzed mathematically in the first time.The factors to the contributions are also discussed.The results indicated that the contribution of adsorption and partition is related to the composition and ratio of dual-cation surfactants exchanging onto the bentonite.The sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonite is dominated by adsorption at low concentrations and by partition at high concentrations,making the organobentonites powerful sorbents for organic contaminants over wide range of concentrations.     

Mosaicism of isochromosome 18p.

The first case of isochromosome 18p as a mosaic in a male fetus diagnosed by amniocentesis is reported. After termination of the pregnancy at 21 weeks gestation biopsies from different fetal organs as well as from the placenta were taken and set up for long term cell cultures. The distribution of the normal and abnormal cell-line in fetal organs was unequal. Unexpectedly the metaphases in the placenta and the lymphocyte culture all showed a normal karyotype. The tetrasomy 18p is associated with a uniform phenotype, even in fetal life, characterized by a small head with protuberant occiput, low-set ears with posterior rotation, epicanthic fold, sharp pinched nose, convex and poorly formed philtrum, high-arched palate, retrognathia, flexion contractures of fingers, short and broad hallux, hypoplastic penis, angulation of clavicles and mild scoliosis. The propositus showed no growth retardation.     

对硝基苯酚在沉积物上的吸附特征---吸附等温线和吸附热力学

研究了对硝基苯酚在不同沉积物上的吸附等温线,比较分析了Linear方程、Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程描述吸附等温线的准确性和稳定性结果表明,Iinear方程更适合描述沉积物吸附对硝基苯酚的等温线对硝基苯酚在沉积物上的吸附主要是溶质在沉积物有机质中的分配,其吸附热为-7 8 kJ@mol-1,主要的吸附作用力为疏水键力.对硝基苯酚在18个沉积物有机质上吸附自由能改变量为-5 4--7.2kJ@mol-1.标准自由能的变小是对硝基苯酚在沉积物有机质上吸附的推动力.